Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Usually referred to as Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the President of India has also
been the Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary,
Department of Defence Research & Development, has been appointed Principal
Scientific Adviser to the Government of India.
Dr Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. He
specialised in Aero-Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology. He
initially joined DRDO in 1958 and then joined Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO) in 1963. At ISRO, he initiated fibre reinforced plastics activities. He
later joined the Satellite Launch Vehicle team at Thumba and became the Project
Director for SLV-3. He has made significant contributions to the Indian
Satellite Launch Vehicle. He rejoined DRDO in 1982 and was instrumental in the
resurgence of the Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad.
Out of his initiative was born the Integrated Guided Missile Development
Programme (IGMDP), which is the most successful Indian military research task
to-date. He was also heading other prestigious projects, such as the MBT Arjun
and the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) projects.
Dr Abdul Kalam was conferred with the Degree of Doctor of Science (DSc
HonorIs Causa) by several universities. He is the recipient of several awards
including National Design Award; Dr Biren Roy Space Award; Om Prakash Bhasin
Award; National Nehru Award; Prof Y Nayudamma Memorial Gold Medal (1996); GM
Modi Award for Science (1996); HK Firodia Award for Excellence in S&T (1996);
Veer Savarkar Award (1998); and Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration
(1997). He has been awarded Padma Bhushan in 1981, Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and
Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of India, in 1997. He is the Vice
President of Astronautical Society of India, Fellow of the Indian National
Academy of Engineering and Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, and an
Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineers.
Dr Abdul Kalam has been a strong advocate of self-reliance in defence
technology. A connoisseur of classical Karnatak music, he plays veena in his
leisure. He is well-versed and has written poetry in Tamil. Seventeen of his
poems were translated into English and published in 1994 as a book titled My
Journey. He is also the author of the two books, titled India 2020: A Vision for
the new Millennium, 1998; and Wings of Fire: An Autobiography, 1998.
