Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
Arts and Culture
Various sculptures, seals, pottery, gold jewelry and anatomically detailed
figurines in terracotta, bronze and steatite have been found at the excavation
sites.
A number of gold, terra-cotta and stone figurines of girls in dancing poses
reveal the presence of some dance form. Also, these terra-cotta figurines
included cows, bears, monkeys, and dogs. Sir John Marshall is known to have
reacted with surprise when he saw the famous Indus bronze statuette of a
slender-limbed "dancing girl" in Mohenjo-daro
"When I first saw them I found it difficult to believe that they were
prehistoric; they seemed to completely upset all established ideas about early
art, and culture. Modeling such as this was unknown in the ancient world up to
the Hellenistic age of Greece, and I thought, therefore, that some mistake must
surely have been made; that these figures had found their way into levels some
3000 years older than those to which they properly belonged. Now, in these
statuettes, it is just this anatomical truth which is so startling; that makes
us wonder whether, in this all-important matter, Greek artistry could possibly
have been anticipated by the sculptors of a far-off age on the banks of the
Indus."
Many crafts "such as shell working, ceramics, and agate and glazed steatite bead
making" were used in the making of necklaces, bangles, and other ornaments from
all phases of Harappan sites and some of these crafts are still practiced in the
subcontinent today. Some make-up and toiletry items (a special kind of combs (kakai),
the use of collyrium and a special three-in-one toiletry gadget) that were found
in Harappan contexts have similar counterparts in modern India. Terracotta
female figurines were found (ca. 2800-2600 BC) which had red color applied to
the "manga" (line of partition of the hair), a tradition which is still seen in
India.
Seals have been found at Mohenjo-daro depicting a figure standing on its head,
and another sitting cross-legged in a yoga-like pose.
A harp-like instrument depicted on an Indus seal and two shell objects found at
Lothal indicate the use of stringed musical instruments. The Harappans also made
various toys and games, among them cubical dice (with one to six holes on the
faces) which were found in sites like Mohenjo-Daro.
