Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
East India company
In the sixteenth century the English started trade with the east. The English
had to pay high prices for goods bought from the east. Lured by the Portuguese
profits the English too wished to have their share of wealth and profits.
Attaining power in this area would result in getting goods at prices they
decide. Besides this the defeat of the Spanish Armada had made England the
mistress of the seas. In 1500 a group of merchants under the Chairman ship of
Lord Mayor formed an association in London to trade with India. In 1600 Queen
Elizabeth granted a charter to the governor at a company of merchants to trade
freely with the countries of the east. Voyages were made to South East Asia to
trade in spices. Attention towards India was diverted due to the Dutch influence
in the Spice islands and getting raw materials for the English. The vast Indian
mainland could be a market for the finished goods. The voyage to India was led
by Captain Hawkins. He landed at the west coast of Surat and succeeded to get
some trade concession for the company from Emperor Jahangir. He also secured
permission to set up a factory at Surat. The Portuguese influence in the Mughal
Court proved a obstacle to the English trade. In 1612 Captain Best defeated the
Portuguese fleet near Surat thus reducing their influence. He secured permission
for building of a factory at Surat. In 1615 King James I of England sent Sir
Thomas Roe as his ambassador to the court of Jahangir, and secured permission
for the company to set up factories. Thus factories were set up at Ahmedabad,
Broach and Agra.
