Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
Civil Disobedience Movement
Civil Disobedience Movement launched in 1930 under MK Gandhi's leadership was
one of the most important phases of India's freedom struggle. The simon
commission, constituted in November 1927 by the British Government to prepare
and finalize a constitution for India and consisting of members of the British
Parliament only, was boycotted by all sections of the Indian social and
political platforms as an 'All-White Commission'. The opposition to the Simon
Commission in Bengal was remarkable. In protest against the Commission, a hartal
was observed on 3 February 1928 in various parts of the province. Massive
demonstrations were held in Calcutta on 19 February1928, the day of Simon's
arrival in the city. On 1 March 1928, meetings were held simultaneously in all
thirty-two wards of Calcutta urging people to renew the movement for boycott of
British goods.
Following the rejection of the recommendations of the Simon Commission by the
Indians, an All-Party Conference was held at Bombay in May 1928 under the
president ship of Dr MA Ansari. The Conference appointed a drafting committee
under Motilal Nehru to draw up a constitution for India. The Nehru Report was
accepted by all sections of Indian society except by a section of Indian
Muslims. In December 1928, the Indian National Congress pressed the British
Government to accept the Nehru Report in its entirety. The Calcutta Session of
the Indian Congress (December 1928) virtually gave an ultimatum to the British
Government, that if dominion status were not conceded by December 1929, a
countrywide Civil Disobedience Movement would be launched. The British
Government, however, declared in May 1929 that India would get dominion status
within the Empire very soon.
