Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
Civil Disobedience Movement Called Off
The Second Round Table Conference ended in failure in December 1931. Gandhi
came back to India without achieving his goal. Meanwhile the government of India
renewed its policy of suppressing Indian political movements. Gandhi was utterly
disgusted at the attitude of the government and decided to resume the Civil
Disobedience Movement in January 1932. The government, on its part, lost no time
in taking retaliatory measures. Prominent Congressmen were arrested. The
Congress was declared illegal. In spite of the ruthless repression the Civil
Disobedience Movement continued and within a short period nearly 120,000 people
courted arrest. But as time passed, the leaders who had always been active were
imprisoned. The ruthless action of the Government slowed down the movement.
Consequently the movement was suspended for three months in May 1933 and
ultimately ended in April 1934.
The Civil Disobedience Movement ended without any result. It could bring
neither Swaraj nor complete independence to India. It had practically no
significant contribution towards the process of constitution making which
culminated in the Government of India Act, 1935. Nevertheless, it was an
important step in the Indian struggle for independence. It generated political
consciousness among the Indian multitude. But it failed to bring about communal
harmony between the Hindus and the Muslims, the two major communities of India.
It is significant that the Muslims of India, as a community, kept themselves
aloof from the movement. Only a few Muslim leaders became involved in it. Gandhi
never succeeded in recovering the position among the Muslims, which he had won
during the days of the Khilafat movement.
Bihar Earthquake
In 1934, Bihar was shaken by an earthquake, which caused immense damage and
loss of property. The quake, devastating by itself, was followed by floods and
an outbreak of malaria which heightened misery. Dr. Prasad dove right in with
relief work, collecting food, clothes and medicine.
