Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
The Resolutions
The occasion for a strong and sustained intervention arose when Lord Curzon
became the Governor General of India. He was of the view that Indian education
had grown too fast at the secondary and university stages, that its
administration had become flabby because of undue freedom given to Indian
private enterprise, that standards had deteriorated and that the uncontrolled
expansion of secondary and higher education was leading to indiscipline and
disaffection against Government. He was, therefore, of the view that the
Government of India should no longer be a 'king log' and that a policy of
intensive central interest in education must be enunciated and sustained. He
created the office of the Director-General of Public Instruction in India under
the Central Government (1897).
Lord Curzon also convened a Conference of the Directors of Public Instruction
in the Provinces at Simla (1900), appointed the Indian Universities Commission
(1902), passed the Indian Universities Act (1904) in the Central Legislature,
and issued the Government Resolution on Educational Policy in 1904. He also
initiated a system of large Central grants to the Provinces for educational
development and these continued to be in vogue for several years afterwards. An
Indian Education Service (IES) was also created in 1897 and its officers held
all key posts in the Education Departments. A second Government of India
Resolution on Educational Policy was also passed in 1913.
The two Resolutions of 1904 and 1913 may also be described as National
Policies on Education and form a continuing sequence with the orders of Lord
Bentinck, the Educational Despatch of 1854, and the Resolution of the Government
[of India on the Recommendations of the Indian Education
