Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
Gandhi vs Jinnah
The Round Table Conference of 1929 was Gandhi’s Waterloo. He erred in going
to London as the sole spokesperson of the Congress, pinning hopes on the appeals
from British statesmen. There he was cornered by the chosen few from among the
Muslims who asked him to justify how he could speak on behalf of their
community, while Mauna Shasta Ali, former Khilafat leader, warned the Hindus:
"If the Hindus don’t meet our demands this time, we’re going to make war on
them. We ruled the Hindus once. We at least don’t intend to be ruled by them
now." The British Government planned to announce the Communal Award B this time
the Scheduled Castes were to be favored, as were the Muslims in 1909. In
disgust, Gandhi returned home empty-handed, while the government armed itself
for letting loose repression.
Gandhi failed to checkmate Jinnah’s dangerous moves. Jinnah had no influence
with the Muslim Premiers of Punjab, Sind and Bengal. Even when Fall Hue from
Bengal had proposed the Pakistan resolution, he had later turned anti-Jinnah;
while Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullaha, Sind Premier, had opposed the resolution.
Gandhi did not capture an opportunity to form an anti-Jinnah front along with
them. That was against his spirit of compromise as against confrontation. He
ploughed his lonely furrow. The landed Gandhi in a complex situation in 1942,
which exerted pressure on him for action. There were the Communists and other
Leftists who favored support for the war in view of Russia and Britain having
become allies. On the other hand, there were lurking fears that Japan might
occupy India. In April 1942, the first Japanese bombing of India took place and
there was seizure of the Andaman Islands.
On his release from prison in 1944, Gandhi committed a great blunder in his
talks with Jinnah, when all his colleagues were in jail. This boosted Jinnah’s
prestige amongst the Muslims in two ways: as a wrecker, and as the Quaid-e Azam,
Jinnah came on level with Gandhi, the Mahatma. The Gandhi-Jinnah talks had
serious repercussions. Immediately Jinnah acquired the status of sole
spokesmanship.
