Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
Rajasthan
Archaeological excavations in the State have established a connection with
the Harappan culture that dates back to 1000 BC. Historical traditions reveal
that Jats, Rajputs, Bhils, Ahirs, Gujars, Meenas and some other tribes had a
great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan. It is believed that these
tribes faced a lot of difficulties to protect their culture and their land. The
relic of Virat also speaks of the area being inhabited by the Pre-Aryan people
of the oldest called Push Karara Nanya. The Rajputs resisted the Muslim
incursions, although a number of Rajput kingdoms eventually became subservient
to the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire during those empires' peak of
expansion.
Mewar led others in resistance toward Muslim rule; Rana Sanga was known to have
organized the Battle of Khanua against Babur and Maharana Pratap against Akbar
in Haldighati. Internal rivalry between the Rajput kingdoms led to the formation
of many smaller yet stronger Rajput kingdoms. It was at this point in time that
the Mughal rule declined and gave way to the Marathas. The Marathas were later
subdued by the British.
Jats and Rajputs are the major ethnic groups in the state. After independence
the state of Rajasthan was given a formal status in 1956. The former independent
kingdoms of this state have left behind a rich architectural and cultural
heritage.
