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Pakistan: A Failed State
Pakistan is a paradigm example of a failed state that has undergone an extremely dangerous form of radical Islamisation.
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Timeline Of Independent India
The USA becomes the main provider of military goods and training for Pakistan
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1947 AD - Tibet requests India to return land annexed by India as part of several Indian states
1948 AD - Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by a Hindu extremist
1948 AD - Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the prime minister of Pakistan, dies and is succeeded by Liaquat Ali Khan
1948 AD - India refuses to allow the plebiscite in Kashmir and Kashmir separatism is born (40,000 people will die in 55 years)
1948 AD - Ceylon becomes independent and the government of Don Stephen Senanayake revokes the citizenship of the Tamil minority
1949 AD - To quell an uprising, India invades the independent country of Sikkim
1949 AD - India signs a treaty with Bhutan to conduct its foreign policy
1950 AD - Mao's China invades Tibet
1951 AD - Pakistan's leader Liaquat Ali Khan is assassinated, while general Muhammad Ayub Khan is appointed chief of the army
1952 AD - India holds the first general elections, won by the Congress Party
1954 AD - The USA becomes the main provider of military goods and training for Pakistan
1955 AD - Polygamy is abolished in India
1956 AD - Pakistan enacts a new constitution and becomes an Islamic republic
1956 AD - Prime minister Nehru of India fosters a neutral stance between communism and capitalism and founds the Non-Aligned Movement
1956 AD - The Sinhalese nationalist (and buddhist) party gains power and Solomon Bandaranaike becomes prime minister
1957 AD - India annexes Kashmir
1958 AD - General Ayyub Khan takes over Pakistan's government in a coup
1959 AD - A Tibetan uprising against the Chinese fails in Lhasa and the Dalai Lama flees Tibet (87,000 Tibetans killed)
1959 AD - Solomon Bandaranaike is assassinated by a Buddhist monk and is succeeded by his widow, Sirimavo
1960 AD - King Mahendra seizes power in Nepal
1961 AD - Pakistani president Ayub Khan signs a cooperation pact with the USA to counterbalance Soviet influence in India
1961 AD - India invades the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu
1962 AD - Pakistan signs a border treaty with China
1962 AD - India fights and loses a border war with China in Assam
1963 AD - Kumar Patel invents the laser
1964 AD - Indian prime minister Nehru dies
1965 AD - India and Pakistan fight another war over Kashmir
1966 AD - Indira Gandhi, daughter of Nehru, becomes prime minister of India
1969 AD - Pakistani leader Ayyub Khan is succeeded by another general, Yahya Khan
1970 AD - The secessionist Awami League led by Sheik Mujibur Rahman wins the elections in East Pakistan
1971 AD - Defended by India, East Pakistan separates from West Pakistan and becomes the independent country of Bangladesh under the rule of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1971 AD - The Sinhalese Maoist Janata Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) movement foments political riots
1972 AD - King Mahendra of Nepal dies and is succeeded by Birendra
1972 AD - Ceylon changes its name to Sri Lanka and becomes a socialist republic
1973 AD - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes prime minister of Pakistan
1973 AD - Balochistan rebels against Pakistan
1974 AD - 28,000 people die in floods in Bangladesh
1974 AD - Pakistan recognizes Bangladesh
1974 AD - India detonates an underground nuclear weapon
1974 AD - Sikkim votes overwhelmingly to join India
1975 AD - Bangladesh's leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is assassinated in a military coup led by general Zia Rahman
1975 AD - India annexes Sikkim
1975 AD - Embroiled in scandals, Indira Gandhi declares a state of emergency, under which her political foes are imprisoned, constitutional rights abrogated, and the press placed under censorship
1976 AD - India's prime minister Indira Gandhi signs a cooperation pact with the Soviet Union
1976 AD - The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam is founded to protect the rights of the Tamil minority and wins the elections in Tamil-dominated regions
1977 AD - Bangladesh enacts a new constitution and becomes an Islamic republic
1977 AD - Pakistan quells the rebellion in Balochistan (after 8,000 people died)
1977 AD - The corrupt government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto is overthrown by a military coup led by general Zia ul-Haq, a Muslim fundamentalist who reinstates public hangings, death by stoning and public beatings
1978 AD - The Karakoram Highway linking Pakistan and China is opened, thereby increasing trade and military cooperation between the two countries
1978 AD - Sri Lanka becomes a presidential republic and Junius Richard Jayawardene is appointed president replacing prime minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike with Ranasinghe Premadasa
1978 AD - The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) conducts the first terrorist attack in Sri Lanka
1979 AD - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto is hanged
1980 AD - US uses Pakistan to help rebels fighting the Soviet Union in Afghanistan
1981 AD - Bangladesh's leader Rahman Zia is assassinated in a military coup
1982 AD - Bangladesh is ruled by general Ershad, an Islamic fundamentalist who eventually declares Islam as the state religion
1983 AD - The Tamil issue becomes a military issue after confrontation between Tamil tigers and the army leaves hundreds dead
1984 AD - While fighting the Sikh secessionist movement of Jarnail Singh Bindranwale, Indian troops enter the holy Sikh shrine of the Golden Temple
1984 AD - Indira Gandhi is assassinated by Sikh bodyguards and is succeeded by her son Rajiv
1984 AD - A leak at the Union Carbide pesticides plant in Bhopal causes 14,000 deaths
1986 AD - India rigs Kashmir elections and Kashmir separatists take up arms
1987 AD - First suicide bombing by a Tiger in Sri Lanka
1987 AD - India deploys troops in Sri Lanka in a peacekeeping mission
1987 AD - India sends a peace-keeping force to broke a truce between the army and the Tamil tigers (1,200 Indian soldiers will die)
1988 AD - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's daughter Benazir wins the general elections in Pakistan
1989 AD - Ranasinghe Premadasa is elected president of Sri Lanka
1989 AD - Rajiv Gandhi is the first Indian prime minister to visit Pakistan
1989 AD - Tibetans revolt against the occupying Chinese troops and hundreds are killed
1989 AD - The separatist group Hizbul Mujahideen is founded in India-controlled Kashmir
1990 AD - Indian troops withdrawn from Sri Lanka
1990 AD - Benazir Bhutto is removed from prime minister of Pakistan, on charges of incompetence and corruption, and is succeeded by Nawaz Sharif
1990 AD - the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) is founded by Lalit Debbarma to fight for Tripura's secession from India
1991 AD - Nepal holds its first democratic elections that herald an age of political instability (eleven governments in eleven years)
1991 AD - Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated by Tamil separatists and succeeded by Narasimha Rao
1991 AD - In Bangladesh, president Ershad is sentenced to jail for corruption and Begum Khaleda Zia, widow of Zia Rahman, becomes prime minister
1991 AD - A tsunami kills 138,000 people in Bangladesh
1991 AD - India liberalizes its protectionist economy
1992 AD - Hindu extremists destroy a mosque (Babri Masjid) in Ayodhya
1993 AD - Muslims and Hindus riot in Bombay (800 people died)
1993 AD - Muslim terrorists detonate several bombs in Mumbai killing 250 people
1993 AD - Benazir Bhutto wins national elections again in Pakistan
1994 AD - Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga is elected president of Sri Lanka and appoints her mother Sirimavo Bandaranaike as prime minister
1995 AD - The Nepal Communist Party begins an armed insurrection in Nepal
1996 AD - Pakistani prime minister Benazir Bhutto is removed again on charges of corruption
1996 AD - Pakistan helps the Taliban overthrow the Afghan government
1996 AD - Sheikh Hasina Wajed, the daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, wins the elections in Bangladesh
1996 AD - The Nationalist Party wins the election and Atal Behari Vajpayee becomes prime minister
1997 AD - The Muslim League wins general elections in Pakistan
1997 AD - Nawaz Sharif is elected prime minister of Pakistan
1998 AD - Pakistan provides North Korea with nuclear technology in exchange for missile technology
1998 AD - India and Pakistan conduct nuclear tests
1999 AD - Pakistani prime minister Nawaz Sharif is overthrown in a military coup led by general Pervez Musharraf
1999 AD - A cyclone devastates the Indian state of Orissa killing 10,000 people
1999 AD - The world's largest Tibetan tangka is completed (a 1,500 square meter, 1,000 kg scroll)
2000 AD - The population of India is one billion
2001 AD - King Birendra of Nepal and his entire family are killed by a crown prince, and Gyanendra becomes the new king
2001 AD - King Gyanendra declares a state of emergency after dozens are killed by Maoists
2001 AD - An earthquakes kills 30,000 people in the Indian state of Gujarat
2001 AD - The Islamic government of Afghanistan destroy the century-old Buddha statues of Bamiyan
2001 AD - Pakistan helps the US fight the Taliban in Afghanistan
2001 AD - Terrosists attack the Parliament in New Delhi
2001 AD - Khaleda Zia wins the election in Bangladesh
2001 AD - Ranil Wickremesinghe wins Sri Lanka's elections and becomes prime minister after campaigning on a peace platform
2002 AD - Following the burning of a train by Muslim cleric Maulana Hussain Umarij, ethnic rioting erupts in Gujarat that kills 1,000 people
2002 AD - The first democratic elections are held in Pakistan since 1999 and Zafarullah Khan Jamali becomes prime minister
2004 AD - The party of Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga wins elections in Sri Lanka against the party of prime minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and Mahinda Rajapakse is appointed prime minister
2004 AD - The Congress Party wins national elections but its leader, Italian-born Sonia Gandhi, lets Manmohan Singh, a Sikh, become India's new prime minister
2004 AD - Maoist rebels control 68 of Nepal's 75 districts
2004 AD - Tsunamis caused by one of the strongest earthquakes in history (9.0 magnitude) kill thousands in Southeast Asia
2005 AD - China and India sign a treaty in which China gives up any claim on the state of Sikkim
2005 AD - 350 bombs planted by Islamic fundamentalists of Jamayetul Mujahedin detonate in Bangladesh
2005 AD - Sri Lanka's prime minister Mahinda Rajapakse wins presidential elections
2007 AD - Benazir Bhutto assasinated
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